If warts appear near the anus, this means that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is progressing in the body. A dangerous infection that, in the active stage can cause cancer, death. Diagnosis and treatment must be timely.
What is Human Papillomavirus?
HPV is a common genital infection that, through active cell division, causes the appearance of warts in intimate areas. Viruses belonging to the papillomavirus family include 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV infects about 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus has been in the body in latent form for many years.
Incubation period
The replication process lasted 3 months, when the virus did not manifest itself in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on immune status. During this stage, the infection multiplies, affecting healthy tissue. The immunity of young women clears HPV on its own in 80-90% of cases. The remaining 10-20%, the infection increases, the disease becomes chronic.
Pathways of infection
Human papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:
- Sex. The main route of infection, in which the infection enters the body through the anus, vagina.
- Contact and passport. The use of items, clothes, shoes, household items of the sick person.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is passed on to the baby as it travels through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Contact. Contact with the skin of an infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases and does not require treatment. In the remaining patients, it becomes active, relapsing. The causes of HPV in women are:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequently change sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected intercourse;
- long-term medication;
- childbirth, frequent abortions;
- Diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the genital field;
- Weak immunity after illness.
What is danger?
The female papillomavirus causes malignancies of the cervix, labia, vulva, and anus. Breast cancer can be advanced. In order to exclude uterine dysplasia and further development of cancer, it is necessary to identify the DNA virus in time and initiate treatment. HPV during pregnancy carries a risk of infecting the unborn baby. If a woman falls ill during pregnancy, complex therapy begins at 7 months, when the baby's organs are fully formed.
Types of HPV that cause cancer
Depending on the degree of cancer risk, the following types of HPV are distinguished in women:
- Does not cause cancer. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are excluded, cancer does not develop.
- Less carcinogenic. HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40–44, 51, 61, 72, 73 are non-cancerous with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provoking factors, the development of a malignant tumor is possible.
- Moderately carcinogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Under the influence of stimulating factors, cancer develops.
- Has a high carcinogenic potential. HPv types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The possibility of cancer is high.
HPV 16 and 18 types
HPV type 16 is highly cancerous. The bacteria invade the body's cells, blocking the anti-tumor defenses. In the genitals, anus appears gray bumps, rough surface. Over time, warts, papillomas, and warts form. They are localized not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reducing the activity of the immune system, creating favorable conditions for benign tumors to easily become malignant. Cervical cancer may develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts, and warts.
Symptoms of infection
Signs of infection depend on the strain the person has had. At first, people carrying the HPV virus do not feel any discomfort. The virus is latent (asymptomatic). Under the influence of provoking factors, the following signs of HPV appear:
- pain in the external genitalia;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- Ouch;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and condylomas
Skin growth is the first sign of HPV. Genital warts appear when infected with viruses 6, 11 types. The growths are fleshy, externally resembling cauliflower. Such tumors are often malignant, localized to the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rash is many, can merge into large foci. The main danger is the risk of injury if such a build-up occurs on a skinny leg.
Papilloma is caused by the activity of HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. Localized on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. Dense clusters on the legs of various colors (pink, brown, light). In women, vestibular papillomas may be more severe. This disease cannot be cured. With strong immunity, such tumors disappear without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
In women, the following types of warts are distinguished in appearance:
- Normal (vulgar). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet, caused by HPV types 1 and 2.
- Fiber form. Foot nodules are located in the groin, under the armpits and mammary glands, and on the genitals.
- Flat (youthful). Localized in the armpits, on the neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappear on their own as adults. Caused by type 3, 5 virus.
Diagnose
In order to speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to be examined and correctly determined the type of virus. In the case of dangerous conditions, a woman is registered in a venereal disease department. Complex diagnosis, including the following methods:
- Instrument examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin tumors, determines their size and location.
- Colposcopy. Colposcopes are used to examine the vagina, cervix, and vulva. For the accuracy of the study, use Lugol's solution, acetic acid.
- Biopsy. Scraping of biomaterial from the cervix is done to confirm or rule out cancer.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Determination of the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is performed to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the impact of the virus.
Pap test
This method is used in obstetrics and gynecology. To identify cancerous changes in the epithelium, curettage of the cervix is performed. Material is taken from the cervical canal, the mucous membrane of the inner surface of the cervix, and the vaginal canal. It is stained, dried, and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify atypical and cancerous cells.
The stages of outcome evaluation are as follows:
- lack of microflora;
- early stage of atypical cells;
- abnormal structure of the nucleus;
- cells with irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentrations of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
To identify regions of papillomavirus-specific DNA, a curettage is performed from the vagina. With a positive result, the antigen concentration per 100 cells is as follows:
- Lg up to 3 - Low HPV levels.
- Lg 3-5 is a large number of papilloma virus.
- Lg from 5 - high concentration of HPV.
Check digene
This is a hybrid capture method for detecting regions of papillomavirus DNA. This screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), detecting HPV at an early stage and predisposing to cancer. The Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, usually in conjunction with a cytological study. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for quick results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
Complex HPV therapy includes the following areas:
- eliminates growths on the skin;
- taking antiviral drugs;
- immunostimulating therapy.
Condoms and papillomas, depending on their location on the body, are very damaging. In addition, tumors may develop. Such growths are best removed surgically. Otherwise, the risk of skin lesions that will soon become cancerous is increased.
Medicine
It is necessary to take medicine to reduce the activity of the virus, to strengthen the immune system. Diagnosis is curable. List of drugs for complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components in the composition. In this way, you can get rid of small pimples on the skin, preventing their growth.
- Anti-virus. The composition of drugs contains antiviral components, when entering the body, it will produce antibodies to fight the infection.
- Immunosuppressive drugs. They inhibit the reproduction of papillomavirus, prevent the growth of skin fungi, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgery
To prevent the growth of skin tumors caused by viral diseases, one of the proposed surgical techniques is performed:
- Laser therapy. Cauterization of laser development. This method is allowed to be used during pregnancy, which is characterized by good tolerance, quick rehabilitation.
- Cryodestruction. Warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, after which they disappear painlessly. After the treatment, there is no scar on the body.
- Coagulation process. Pimples that grow on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, an electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radiotherapy. This method is painless, removes medium-sized hairs, leaves no scars and minimizes medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive lesions of soft tissues, suspected cancer. The disadvantage is scarring.
Folk remedies
To eliminate the manifestations of papillomavirus in the complex treatment scheme, alternative drug methods are used. It is not possible to cure HPV from the inside in this way, but it can actually get rid of the nodules on the skin without any consequences. To get rid of genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following wellness recipes:
- Cut fresh celandine stalks, wash, and rub on the affected skin. Do the treatment once a day until the acne dries up and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate the wart with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Repeat the procedure until the buildup disappears.
- Squeeze the juice of garlic, lubricate the lesions of the pathology. Do the process 2-3 times/day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Cut rowan berries in half. Apply on wart, fix with plaster. Carrying out the procedure before going to bed, a positive dynamism can be noticed after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar, and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir well, fertilize the outer shoots 2-3 times/day, until they fall off.
To quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, decoctions and infusions instead of tea can be included in a complex treatment program. Folk remedies with immunostimulating properties are as follows:
- Infusion needles. Pour 1 tbsp. l. Needle leaves 1 cup boiling water. Simmer over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, filter the broth before meals (can add honey).
- On the way. Cook in boiling water for 10 minutes. Peel the onion in a ratio of 1: 10. Emphasize broth, strain. Drink 1 teaspoon. 5-6 times / day before meals (can add honey).
Preventive
It is very difficult to choose the right medicine and kill the genital warts virus forever. In addition, antiretroviral therapy has some side effects. You need to pay attention to timely preventive measures. The medical recommendations are as follows:
- Observe the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV twice a year.
- Eliminate promiscuous sex.
- Use barrier contraception.
- Strengthens the immune system (especially during periods of seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Monitor your medication intake.
- Have an active lifestyle, play sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Spot vaccination can only protect against 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.